Picture this: you’re stepping into steaming hot springs tucked away in Japan’s lush landscapes, where tranquility joins hands with age-old traditions. Welcome to the world of onsens, Japan's indoor and outdoor liquid hug that's been embraced for centuries.  

These geothermal marvels aren't just about kicking back in piping hot water (though, let's be honest, that's a solid 10/10). They're deeply woven into the fabric of Japanese culture, offering a warm, bubbling window into traditions that have relaxed generations. 

Now, we get it. Dipping into the onsen scene can feel like stepping into a whole new universe, especially when you're buzzing with questions about the dos and don’ts, what to wear, and just how to go about blending in without sticking out like a sore thumb. 

Our guide is about to become your new best friend, demystifying the onsen experience from steamy start to satisfied finish.  

We're talking the ins and outs of etiquette, your go-to attire checklist, and our top tips to enjoy the hot springs in Japan.  

Ready to roll up your sleeves (or should we say roll off your sleeves)? Let’s get steamy!

What is Japanese onsens?  

An onsen is essentially a Japanese hot spring, but it's also so much more. It combines natural beauty, health benefits, and centuries of tradition into one soothing experience. The key to an onsen's appeal lies in its waters, which are naturally heated by the Earth's geothermal activity. But here's the catch—not every hot spring qualifies as an onsen. 

And after cycling through the stunning routes of our Shikoku Bike Tour of Japan, there's no better way to unwind and rejuvenate than soaking in the best onsen spots guided by our local experts. 

What's the difference between hot springs and onsens? 

While every onsen is a hot spring, not all hot springs are considered an onsen. The difference is nuanced but essential: onsens must contain at least one of the 19 designated chemical elements that naturally occur in hot spring water and have a beneficial effect on health.  

The ambiance, too, is often a blend of nature and tradition, with many onsens featuring outdoor baths (rotenburo) that allow you to soak in the scenic beauty around. 

Other "onsen" experiences:

On the flip side, sento, or public bathhouses, are typically filled with regular heated water and lack the natural minerals found in onsen waters.  
These spots are more about the joy of a good scrub and an escape from the cold than a mineral miracle, making them no less an important part of Japan's bathing culture, but a different experience altogether. 

Can foreigners go to hot springs in Japan?  

Absolutely! Foreigners are warmly welcomed to enjoy hot springs in Japan. Many have adapted to include English signs and instructions, making it easier to navigate the experience.  

However, the same rules apply to everyone. 

For an adventure that seamlessly blends onsen relaxation with active exploration, our Japan: Volcanoes & Hot Springs (Bike, Hike) is just what you need. 

What to Wear in an Onsen 

The question that’s on everyone’s mind before their first onsen visit: What do you wear in an onsen? The answer is simple—nothing!  

But don’t worry, this tradition is deeply rooted in Japanese culture and is as normal as wearing swimsuits at the beach.  

Here’s a breakdown of what you need to know about onsen attire (or lack thereof) and how to make the experience comfortable for first-timers. 

Wearing…Nothing? 

One of the most important aspects of the onsen experience is nudity. While this might feel intimidating for first-timers, it’s essential to understand that going nude is part of Japan's belief in purity and cleanliness.  

But here’s the comforting part: onsens are separated by gender, so you won’t need to worry about mixed company. Men and women have their own designated areas, making it easier to relax and enjoy the bath. 

Once you’re in the bath, you’ll quickly find that everyone is focused on relaxing, not on looking at others. 

The Modesty Towel 

While you won’t be wearing a swimsuit, you’ll be given a small towel (or you can bring your own). This towel serves as your modesty shield as you move between the locker room and the bath.  

While you can use it to cover up, never dip the towel into the onsen water—it's considered unhygienic. Instead, place it neatly on the side of the bath or rest it on your head as many locals do. 

Hot Spring (Onsen) Rules and Etiquette in Japan 

For those not from Japan, or if it’s your first onsen rodeo, getting to know the do’s and don’ts is your ticket to enjoying this serene experience, and showing your respect for a practice that’s close to the heart of Japanese culture. 

1. First step, check the Onsen’s tattoo policy  

Tattoos have long been associated with yakuza (Japanese organized crime), which is why many onsens traditionally banned individuals with visible tattoos. But times are changing, and some hot springs have become more relaxed.  

If you have small tattoos, it's often fine to cover them with skin-colored tape. For larger tattoos, check ahead to see if the onsen is tattoo-friendly before you visit. 

2. About your towel... 

Before you dive into onsen bliss, make sure you check if a towel’s included! If not, pack a large one and maybe a small bathing towel too (unless you’re up for buying or renting one—if that’s even an option). Pro tip: hotels usually leave towels in your room, not the baths. I once forgot mine and ended up drip-drying in the buff. Awkward? Yep. Avoid the same fate and bring your own! 

3. Kick off your shoes 

This is a step many foreigners miss, but it’s a must. As soon as you reach the entrance of an onsen, you’ll find lockers or shelves for your outside shoes. Leave them behind and go on in! It might feel odd, but it’s completely normal. Socks are fine in the changing area, but once you’re heading to the baths, it’s all about going barefoot. 

4. Choosing the right changing room 

Make sure you’re heading into the right changing room! At every onsen, you’ll spot two curtained doorways—blue for men, red for women. Just follow the colors, and you’re good to go! 

5. The no-swimsuit rule 

Time to strip down! Before you dive into the shower and bathing area, it’s essential to be completely naked—no exceptions. The only companion you can bring is your small bathing towel. 

Unlike Western-style hot tubs or spas, swimsuits are a no-go in Japanese onsens. Why? Onsens are deeply tied to Japan's cultural belief in purity, and bathing in the nude is part of maintaining that cleanliness. They also carry the risk of bringing unwanted guests (read: dirt and other substances) into the clean waters.  

If you're feeling shy, don't worry—you can carry a small towel for modesty, but remember not to dip it into the water. 

6. Shower before and after 

First up on the onsen agenda is getting squeaky clean. Adjacent to the bath, there's everything you need—showers, stools, plus soap and shampoo—to ensure you're as pristine as the water you're about to enter.  

Heads up! These aren’t your typical western showers. Instead, you’ll find small sit-down shower stations, perfect for a thorough rinse before you take the plunge. 

Make sure all the soap bubbles have bid you farewell before you hop in the hot spring. Keep the water as refreshing for the next person as it was for you by keeping long hair tied up and towels out of the water. 

7. Shhh... it’s quiet time 

Onsens are meant to be a place of peace and relaxation, so keep splashing and loud chatter to a minimum. Whether you're visiting a serene outdoor onsen or an indoor bath, maintaining the quiet atmosphere is essential.  

Many locals see it as a meditative space to unwind after a long day, so be mindful of your noise level to avoid disrupting the ambiance. 

8. Try them all! 

Go ahead and try all the baths! You're already here (and naked) anyway, so why not? Each one offers a unique experience, from varying temperatures to different mineral compositions. Some might be super hot, while others are refreshingly cool. 

Trust us, you won't regret it! 

Experience the best of Kyoto and Japan’s beautiful coastlines, with plenty of onsen stops, on our Japan: Shrines & Ancient Cities (Self-Guided Cycle). 

9. Dry off before going back to the changing room 

Alright, time to get a little practical. Before you strut back into the changing room, give yourself a quick wipe-down with that small bathing towel. Grab a refreshing drink of cold water while you're at it and let any extra moisture run off. Do not enter the changing room dripping wet. 

10. Post-onsen facilities 

Now that you're feeling all relaxed and rejuvenated, don’t rush off just yet! Check out the post-onsen facilities—some places offer everything from a simple vending machine to full-blown restaurants and cozy communal areas. Extend your bliss by soaking in the experience a little longer. 

I once stumbled upon a milk vending machine at an onsen, and let me tell you, that milk was next level! Fresh, creamy, and the perfect treat after a soak. You never know what delightful surprises await you, so embrace the opportunity to try something new! 

How Much Time Should You Spend in an Onsen? 

Soaking in an onsen is all about finding that sweet spot of relaxation without overdoing it. For most people, 15-20 minutes is the ideal time to spend in the hot springs. If you’re new to the onsen scene, starting with shorter dips—5-10 minutes—can help you ease into the experience without feeling overwhelmed. Always listen to your body: if you start feeling lightheaded or too hot, it’s time for a break. 

Onsens typically range from 40°C to 43°C (104°F to 109°F), but if the heat is intense, shorter sessions are best. Make use of different pools if available—cool off and hydrate between soaks to keep yourself feeling great. Most onsens have a free cold water dispenser right at the entrance to the bathing area. 

Rest assured, on our Japan: River Valleys & Heritage (Bike, Paddle), you’ll unwind in delightful hot springs right at your hotel — there's no better way to relax and rejuvenate after cycling the beautiful routes. 

Ready, Set, Soak: Your Onsen Adventure Awaits! 

And there you have it—your ultimate guide to mastering the onsen experience! Now that you’re well-versed in distinguishing an onsen from a hot spring, know the crucial do’s and don’ts, and understand the ins and outs of what to wear (or rather, not to wear), you’re ready to soak up all the bliss Japan’s hot springs have to offer. 

So, strip off the nerves, toss aside those worries, and dive into the steamy world of onsen with confidence.